How Long Can a Cervical Cap Provide Protection, Even Without Additional Spermicide?

Contraception

In choosing a method of contraception, dual protection from the simultaneous risk for HIV and other STDs also should be considered. Although hormonal contraceptives and IUDs are highly effective at preventing pregnancy, they do not protect against STDs, including HIV. Consistent and correct utilise of the male latex rubber reduces the risk for HIV infection and other STDs, including chlamydial infection, gonococcal infection, and trichomoniasis.

Reversible Methods of Birth Control

Intrauterine Contraception

Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG IUD)—The LNG IUD is a small T-shaped device like the Copper T IUD. It is placed inside the uterus by a physician. It releases a small corporeality of progestin each day to keep you from getting significant. The LNG IUD stays in your uterus for up to 3 to vi years, depending on the device. Typical utilise failure rate: 0.1-0.4%.¹

Copper T intrauterine device (IUD)—This IUD is a pocket-size device that is shaped in the class of a "T." Your physician places it within the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It tin can stay in your uterus for up to 10 years. Typical utilise failure rate: 0.viii%.ⁱ

Hormonal Methods

Implant—The implant is a single, sparse rod that is inserted under the skin of a women'southward upper arm. The rod contains a progestin that is released into the body over iii years. Typical utilize failure rate: 0.1%.ⁱ

Injection or "shot"—Women get shots of the hormone progestin in the buttocks or arm every 3 months from their doctor. Typical use failure rate: 4%.¹

Combined oral contraceptives—Also called "the pill," combined oral contraceptives contain the hormones estrogen and progestin. It is prescribed by a doc. A pill is taken at the same time each day. If y'all are older than 35 years and smoke, have a history of blood clots or breast cancer, your md may advise you not to accept the pill. Typical use failure rate: vii%.^ane

Progestin just pill—Dissimilar the combined pill, the progestin-merely pill (sometimes called the mini-pill) only has one hormone, progestin, instead of both estrogen and progestin. It is prescribed by a doctor. It is taken at the same time each day. It may be a proficient option for women who can't take estrogen. Typical use failure charge per unit: 7%.ⁱ

Patch—This pare patch is worn on the lower belly, buttocks, or upper body (but not on the breasts). This method is prescribed by a doctor. It releases hormones progestin and estrogen into the bloodstream. You put on a new patch once a week for 3 weeks. During the fourth week, you do non wear a patch, so you tin accept a menstrual period. Typical apply failure rate: 7%.¹

Hormonal vaginal contraceptive ring—The band releases the hormones progestin and estrogen. You lot place the ring within your vagina. You lot habiliment the ring for iii weeks, take it out for the week you have your menses, and then put in a new ring. Typical use failure charge per unit: 7%.¹

Barrier Methods

Diaphragm or cervical cap—Each of these barrier methods are placed inside the vagina to comprehend the cervix to block sperm. The diaphragm is shaped similar a shallow cup. The cervical cap is a thimble-shaped loving cup. Before sexual intercourse, you insert them with spermicide to block or kill sperm. Visit your doctor for a proper fitting considering diaphragms and cervical caps come in dissimilar sizes. Typical use failure charge per unit for the diaphragm: 17%. ¹

Sponge—The contraceptive sponge contains spermicide and is placed in the vagina where information technology fits over the cervix. The sponge works for upward to 24 hours, and must be left in the vagina for at least vi hours after the last deed of intercourse, at which time it is removed and discarded. Typical apply failure rate: 14% for women who take never had a infant and 27% for women who accept had a babe. ^one

Male safety—Worn by the man, a male condom keeps sperm from getting into a woman'due south trunk. Latex condoms, the most common type, help forestall pregnancy, and HIV and other STDs, as do the newer constructed condoms. "Natural" or "lambskin" condoms also help prevent pregnancy, merely may not provide protection against STDs, including HIV. Typical use failure rate: 13%. ^one Condoms can but exist used once. You tin can buy condoms, KY jelly, or water-based lubricants at a drug store. Do non employ oil-based lubricants such as massage oils, baby oil, lotions, or petroleum jelly with latex condoms. They will weaken the condom, causing information technology to tear or interruption.

Female prophylactic—Worn by the adult female, the female prophylactic helps keeps sperm from getting into her body. It is packaged with a lubricant and is bachelor at drug stores. It can exist inserted up to viii hours earlier sexual intercourse. Typical use failure rate: 21%, ¹ and also may help prevent STDs.

Spermicides—These products work by killing sperm and come in several forms—cream, gel, cream, pic, suppository, or tablet. They are placed in the vagina no more than than one hour before intercourse. You lot leave them in place at least six to 8 hours after intercourse. Yous can utilise a spermicide in addition to a male condom, diaphragm, or cervical cap. They can be purchased at drug stores. Typical apply failure charge per unit: 21%. ⁱ

Fertility Awareness-Based Methods

Fertility awareness-based methods—Understanding your monthly fertility patternexternal icon external icon can help you lot plan to become pregnant or avoid getting significant. Your fertility pattern is the number of days in the month when you are fertile (able to get pregnant), days when you lot are infertile, and days when fertility is unlikely, simply possible. If you have a regular menstrual cycle, y'all accept nigh nine or more than fertile days each month. If you do not desire to get pregnant, you do not have sexual activity on the days you are fertile, or you use a barrier method of birth control on those days. Failure rates vary beyond these methods. ^one-2 Range of typical apply failure rates: 2-23%. ¹

Lactational Amenorrhea Method

For women who have recently had a babe and are breastfeeding, the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) can be used as birth control when three weather condition are met: ane) amenorrhea (not having any menstrual periods after delivering a baby), two) fully or well-nigh fully breastfeeding, and 3) less than six months after delivering a baby. LAM is a temporary method of birth control, and some other birth control method must be used when any of the three conditions are not met.

Emergency Contraception

Emergency contraception is Not a regular method of birth command. Emergency contraception tin be used after no birth command was used during sexual activity, or if the birth control method failed, such as if a condom bankrupt.

Copper IUD—Women tin can have the copper T IUD inserted within five days of unprotected sexual practice.

Emergency contraceptive pills—Women can have emergency contraceptive pills up to 5 days afterwards unprotected sexual practice, but the sooner the pills are taken, the amend they will work. In that location are 3 unlike types of emergency contraceptive pills bachelor in the U.s.. Some emergency contraceptive pills are bachelor over the counter.

Permanent Methods of Birth Control

Female Sterilization—Tubal ligation or "tying tubes"— A woman tin can have her fallopian tubes tied (or closed) so that sperm and eggs cannot meet for fertilization. The procedure can be done in a hospital or in an outpatient surgical center. You can become dwelling the same mean solar day of the surgery and resume your normal activities within a few days. This method is effective immediately. Typical use failure charge per unit: 0.five%. ^one

Male Sterilization–Vasectomy—This performance is done to keep a homo'southward sperm from going to his penis, so his ejaculate never has any sperm in information technology that can fertilize an egg. The procedure is typically washed at an outpatient surgical center. The human being can go home the same twenty-four hour period. Recovery time is less than one week. After the performance, a man visits his medico for tests to count his sperm and to make certain the sperm count has dropped to zero; this takes about 12 weeks. Another form of nascency control should be used until the man's sperm count has dropped to aught. Typical use failure rate: 0.15%. ⁱ

References

1. Trussell J, Aiken ARA, Micks E, Guthrie KA. Efficacy, safety, and personal considerations. In: Hatcher RA, Nelson AL, Trussell J, Cwiak C, Cason P, Policar MS, Edelman A, Aiken ARA, Marrazzo J, Kowal D, eds. Contraceptive engineering science. 21st ed. New York, NY: Ayer Visitor Publishers, Inc., 2018.
2. Peragallo Urrutia R, Polis CB, Jensen ET, Greene ME, Kennedy E, Stanford JB. Effectiveness of fertility awareness-based methods for pregnancy prevention: A systematic reviewexternal icon. Obstet Gynecol 2018;132:591-604.

Contraceptive Effectivenessexternal icon

Source: Trussell J, Aiken ARA, Micks E, Guthrie KA. Efficacy, safety, and personal considerations. In: Hatcher RA, Nelson AL, Trussell J, Cwiak C, Cason P, Policar MS, Edelman A, Aiken ARA, Marrazzo J, Kowal D, eds. Contraceptive engineering. 21st ed. New York, NY: Ayer Company Publishers, Inc., 2018.

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Resources for Providers

CDC Contraceptive Guidance for Health Care Providers
U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Utilize (United states of america MEC), U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Employ (US SPR) and Providing Quality Family Services (QFP) can help health care providers when they counsel women, men, and couples about contraceptive method pick and family planning services.

Contraceptive Use Amongst Women at Chance for Unintended Pregnancy in the Context of Public Health Emergencies — Us, 2016

Increasing access to contraception: resources from the ASTHO Learning Customsexternal icon

American Higher of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Long-A cting Reversible Contraception Programexternal icon

Family unit Planning National Training Center (FPNTC)external icon

National Clinical Training Heart for Family Planning (NCTCFP)external icon

Tips for Communicating with Female Patients with Intellectual Disabilities

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Resources for Consumers

• Nascence Control Methods fact canvasexternal icon (women'shealth.gov)
  Métodos anticonceptivos hoja de datosexternal icon
• Emergency Contraception (emergency birth control) fact canvasexternal icon (women'shealth.gov)
  Anticoncepción de emergencia hoja de datosexternal icon
• Function of Population Affairsexternal icon
• Planned Parenthoodexternal icon
• His Condom + Her Birth Command
  

  Download Infographic pdf icon [PDF – 730 KB]

• Know Your Prophylactic DOs & DONT'S
  

  Download (in English language) pdf icon [PDF – ane.84 MB] Download (en español) pdf icon [PDF – 1.39 MB]

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Source: https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/index.htm